Specialty retailers focus on a specific product category, such as electronics, clothing, or beauty products, providing a wide selection within that niche.

Wholesaling involves the bulk sale of products to retailers or other businesses, rather than directly to consumers.

Intensive distribution seeks to maximize product availability by placing it in as many retail outlets as possible, ensuring consumers can easily find it.

E-commerce has introduced new distribution channels, including online marketplaces and direct-to-consumer sales, making logistics and distribution strategies more complex to manage.

Promotion involves various communication methods used to inform and persuade potential customers about products or services, ultimately influencing their purchasing decisions.

The promotion mix includes advertising, public relations, sales promotions, personal selling, and direct marketing, but market segmentation is a separate strategy used to identify target audiences.

Advertising aims to inform potential customers about a product, enhance brand recognition, and ultimately drive sales.

Sales promotions are short-term incentives designed to encourage the purchase of a product, such as discounts, coupons, or special offers.

Public relations focuses on building and maintaining a positive image of an organization through communication with the public, media, and stakeholders.

Social media advertising is a widely used online promotion tool that allows brands to reach and engage with their target audiences on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.