Binary number system is usually followed in a typical 32-bit computer. In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two numbers- 0 and 1.

Linux is a generic name for a family of open-source operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Linux is used in server OS for web servers, database servers, file servers, email servers and any other type of shared server. Designed to support high-volume and multithreading applications, Linux is well-suited for all types of server applications.

Firmware is permanent software programmed into read-only memory. A software program or bunch of instructions that are programmed on a hardware device is known as firmware.

One nibble is equivalent to 4 bits. The term NIBBLE or NYBBLE is also used to indicate to half-byte. The term NIBBLE can also be defined as a 4-bit aggregate.

The binary system is the primary language of computing systems. The number system is expressed in the base-2 numeral system, which uses only two numbers- 0 and 1.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail. Since it is limited in its ability to queue messages at the receiving end, it is usually used with one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP that let the user save messages in a server mailbox and download them periodically from the server.

Post Office Protocol version 3 {POP3} is widely used internet mail protocol for receiving mails. Main facility of POP3 is it will download the emails to your local device before displaying them.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used to send error messages back to the original host when a destination network is unknown. Specifically, an ICMP Destination Unreachable message is sent if a router cannot find a route to the destination. This informs the sender that the destination is unreachable.

Message Integrity ensures that a message has not been altered during transmission. It is a key part of message authentication services, verifying that the content remains unchanged and authentic.

A Mail Server is a computer that stores, manages, and forwards e-mail messages. It receives incoming emails and stores them until the recipient retrieves them, and it also sends out emails to other mail servers or recipients.