Which gas is hardest to bring into liquid state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer & Solution
Solution:
Helium is the hardest gas to liquefy because it has the lowest boiling point
of all the elements at about 4.2 Kelvin (-268.9°C) under
atmospheric pressure. This is due to its weak intermolecular forces (van der
Waals forces), as it is a noble gas with a fully filled electron shell, making
it chemically inert and nonpolar.
To liquefy helium, extremely low temperatures and high pressures are
required. Even then, helium remains a quantum mechanical substance, and below
2.17 Kelvin, it forms a superfluid state (liquid helium-II) with unique
properties like zero viscosity.
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